Infinite-dimensional operator ridgelet transform

2.6. Explicit admissible filters🔗

Definition2.6.1
uses 1
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Proposition 2.6.2
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L∃∀N

With the bump \eta(u)=\exp(-1/(1-u^2)) for |u|<1 and 0 otherwise, the band-pass filter \rho_{\mathrm{bp}} is the real even Schwartz function with \widehat\rho_{\mathrm{bp}}(\omega)=-\eta(2|\omega|-3), obtained by Fourier inversion; the Mexican hat is \rho_{\mathrm{MH}}(t)=(1-t^2)e^{-t^2/2}. Both are taken as Schwartz maps by choice, with junk value 0 should the explicit function fail to be Schwartz.

Lean code for Definition2.6.16 definitions
  • complete
    def OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bump (u : ) : 
    def OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bump (u : ) : 
    The bump `η(u) = exp(-1/(1-u²))` for `|u| < 1` and `η(u) = 0` otherwise. 
  • complete
    def OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPassHat (ω : ) : 
    def OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPassHat
      (ω : ) : 
    The Fourier transform `ρ̂_bp(ω) = -η(2|ω| - 3)` of the band-pass filter, supported in
    `{1 ≤ |ω| ≤ 2}`. 
  • complete
    def OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPassFun (t : ) : 
    def OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPassFun
      (t : ) : 
    The band-pass filter as a function: the Fourier inversion
    `ρ_bp(t) = (2π)⁻¹ ∫ ρ̂_bp(ω) exp(itω) dω`, which is real because `ρ̂_bp` is real and even. 
  • complete
    def OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPass : SchwartzMap  
    def OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPass :
      SchwartzMap  
    The band-pass filter `ρ_bp ∈ 𝒮(ℝ)` (junk value `0` if `bandPassFun` were not Schwartz). 
  • complete
    def OperatorRidgelet.Filters.mexicanHatFun (t : ) : 
    def OperatorRidgelet.Filters.mexicanHatFun
      (t : ) : 
    The Mexican hat `ρ_MH(t) = (1 - t²) exp(-t²/2)` as a function. 
  • complete
    def OperatorRidgelet.Filters.mexicanHat : SchwartzMap  
    def OperatorRidgelet.Filters.mexicanHat :
      SchwartzMap  
    The Mexican hat `ρ_MH ∈ 𝒮(ℝ)` (junk value `0` if `mexicanHatFun` were not Schwartz). 
Proposition2.6.2
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Definition 2.2.1
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\widehat\rho_{\mathrm{bp}} is smooth (i), nonpositive (ii), nonzero (iii), and supported in \{1\le|\omega|\le2\} (iv), so \rho_{\mathrm{bp}}\in\mathcal S(\mathbb R) is real (v) and even (vi) with the prescribed Fourier transform (vii), satisfies the band-pass condition (viii), and is \alpha-admissible for every \alpha>0 (ix); multiplying by ((\!(\rho_{\mathrm{bp}},\rho_{\mathrm{bp}})\!)_\alpha)^{-1/2} normalizes the admissibility constant to one (x). The sign makes it admissible for ReLU synthesis in the sense of Corollary 4.1.4.

Lean code for Proposition2.6.210 theorems
  • complete
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_i :
      ContDiff  (↑) OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPassHat
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_i :
      ContDiff  (↑)
        OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPassHat
    **Example [ex:bandlimited-filter]** A band-pass filter for every `α > 0`.  The prescribed
    Fourier transform `ρ̂_bp` is smooth. 
  • complete
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_ii (ω : ) :
      OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPassHat ω  0
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_ii
      (ω : ) :
      OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPassHat ω 
        0
    **Example [ex:bandlimited-filter]** A band-pass filter for every `α > 0`.  `ρ̂_bp` is
    nonpositive. 
  • complete
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_iii :
      OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPassHat  0
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_iii :
      OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPassHat  0
    **Example [ex:bandlimited-filter]** A band-pass filter for every `α > 0`.  `ρ̂_bp` is
    nonzero. 
  • complete
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_iv :
      tsupport OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPassHat 
        {ω | 1  |ω|  |ω|  2}
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_iv :
      tsupport
          OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPassHat 
        {ω | 1  |ω|  |ω|  2}
    **Example [ex:bandlimited-filter]** A band-pass filter for every `α > 0`.  `ρ̂_bp` is
    supported in `{1 ≤ |ω| ≤ 2}`. 
  • complete
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_v :
      OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPass =
        OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPassFun
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_v :
      OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPass =
        OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPassFun
    **Example [ex:bandlimited-filter]** A band-pass filter for every `α > 0`.  The inverse
    Fourier transform `ρ_bp` of `ρ̂_bp` is a real Schwartz function. 
  • complete
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_vi (t : ) :
      OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPass (-t) =
        OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPass t
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_vi
      (t : ) :
      OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPass (-t) =
        OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPass t
    **Example [ex:bandlimited-filter]** A band-pass filter for every `α > 0`.  `ρ_bp` is even. 
  • complete
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_vii (ω : ) :
      OperatorRidgelet.filterFourier (⇑OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPass)
          ω =
        (OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPassHat ω)
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_vii
      (ω : ) :
      OperatorRidgelet.filterFourier
          (⇑OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPass)
          ω =
        (OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPassHat
            ω)
    **Example [ex:bandlimited-filter]** A band-pass filter for every `α > 0`.  The Fourier
    transform of `ρ_bp` is the prescribed `ρ̂_bp`. 
  • complete
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_viii :
      OperatorRidgelet.IsBandPass OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPass
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_viii :
      OperatorRidgelet.IsBandPass
        OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPass
    **Example [ex:bandlimited-filter]** A band-pass filter for every `α > 0`.  `ρ_bp` satisfies
    the band-pass condition. 
  • complete
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_ix (α : ) :
      0 < α 
        OperatorRidgelet.IsAdmissible α OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPass
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_ix
      (α : ) :
      0 < α 
        OperatorRidgelet.IsAdmissible α
          OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPass
    **Example [ex:bandlimited-filter]** A band-pass filter for every `α > 0`.  `ρ_bp` is
    `α`-admissible for every `α > 0`. 
  • complete
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_x (α : ) :
      0 < α 
        OperatorRidgelet.admissibilityConst α
            (((OperatorRidgelet.admissibilityConst α
                    OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPass))⁻¹ 
              OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPass) =
          1
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_bandlimited_filter_x
      (α : ) :
      0 < α 
        OperatorRidgelet.admissibilityConst α
            (((OperatorRidgelet.admissibilityConst
                    α
                    OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPass))⁻¹ 
              OperatorRidgelet.Filters.bandPass) =
          1
    **Example [ex:bandlimited-filter]** A band-pass filter for every `α > 0`.  Multiplying by
    `(C^{(α)}_{ρ_bp})^{-1/2}` normalizes the admissibility constant to one. 
Proof for Proposition 2.6.2
uses 0

The bump and all its derivatives vanish at |u|=1, the support stays away from \omega=0, Fourier inversion maps C_c^\infty into \mathcal S, even real Fourier data give an even real inverse, and on the compact support |\omega|^{-\alpha} is bounded above and below.

Proposition2.6.3
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Definition 2.2.1
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\rho_{\mathrm{MH}}(t)=(1-t^2)e^{-t^2/2} is a Schwartz function (i) with \widehat\rho_{\mathrm{MH}}(\omega)=\sqrt{2\pi}\,\omega^2e^{-\omega^2/2} (ii). It is \alpha-admissible exactly for 0<\alpha<5 (iii), with (\!(\rho_{\mathrm{MH}},\rho_{\mathrm{MH}})\!)_\alpha=\Gamma((5-\alpha)/2) (iv) and (\!(\rho_{\mathrm{MH}},\rho_{\mathrm{MH}})\!)_1=1 (v). It is not band pass (vi), so Theorem 2.4.2 applies to it but Theorem 3.1.5 and Theorem 4.1.3 do not.

Lean code for Proposition2.6.36 theorems
  • complete
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_mexican_hat_i :
      OperatorRidgelet.Filters.mexicanHat =
        OperatorRidgelet.Filters.mexicanHatFun
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_mexican_hat_i :
      OperatorRidgelet.Filters.mexicanHat =
        OperatorRidgelet.Filters.mexicanHatFun
    **Example [ex:mexican-hat]** Mexican hat.  `ρ_MH(t) = (1 - t²) e^{-t²/2}` is a Schwartz
    function. 
  • complete
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_mexican_hat_ii (ω : ) :
      OperatorRidgelet.filterFourier (⇑OperatorRidgelet.Filters.mexicanHat)
          ω =
        ((2 * Real.pi) * ω ^ 2 * Real.exp (-ω ^ 2 / 2))
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_mexican_hat_ii
      (ω : ) :
      OperatorRidgelet.filterFourier
          (⇑OperatorRidgelet.Filters.mexicanHat)
          ω =
        ((2 * Real.pi) * ω ^ 2 *
            Real.exp (-ω ^ 2 / 2))
    **Example [ex:mexican-hat]** Mexican hat.  `ρ̂_MH(ω) = √(2π) ω² e^{-ω²/2}`. 
  • complete
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_mexican_hat_iii (α : ) :
      0 < α 
        (OperatorRidgelet.IsAdmissible α
            OperatorRidgelet.Filters.mexicanHat 
          α < 5)
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_mexican_hat_iii
      (α : ) :
      0 < α 
        (OperatorRidgelet.IsAdmissible α
            OperatorRidgelet.Filters.mexicanHat 
          α < 5)
    **Example [ex:mexican-hat]** Mexican hat.  Under the standing assumption `α > 0`, `ρ_MH` is
    `α`-admissible exactly for `α < 5`. 
  • complete
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_mexican_hat_iv (α : ) :
      0 < α 
        α < 5 
          OperatorRidgelet.admissibilityConst α
              OperatorRidgelet.Filters.mexicanHat =
            Real.Gamma ((5 - α) / 2)
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_mexican_hat_iv
      (α : ) :
      0 < α 
        α < 5 
          OperatorRidgelet.admissibilityConst
              α
              OperatorRidgelet.Filters.mexicanHat =
            Real.Gamma ((5 - α) / 2)
    **Example [ex:mexican-hat]** Mexican hat.  For `0 < α < 5`,
    `C^{(α)}_{ρ_MH} = Γ((5-α)/2)`. 
  • complete
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_mexican_hat_v :
      OperatorRidgelet.admissibilityConst 1
          OperatorRidgelet.Filters.mexicanHat =
        1
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_mexican_hat_v :
      OperatorRidgelet.admissibilityConst 1
          OperatorRidgelet.Filters.mexicanHat =
        1
    **Example [ex:mexican-hat]** Mexican hat.  In particular `C^{(1)}_{ρ_MH} = 1`. 
  • complete
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_mexican_hat_vi :
      ¬OperatorRidgelet.IsBandPass OperatorRidgelet.Filters.mexicanHat
    theorem OperatorRidgelet.Paper.ex_mexican_hat_vi :
      ¬OperatorRidgelet.IsBandPass
          OperatorRidgelet.Filters.mexicanHat
    **Example [ex:mexican-hat]** Mexican hat.  `ρ_MH` is not band pass. 
Proof for Proposition 2.6.3
uses 0

With g(t)=e^{-t^2/2}, \rho_{\mathrm{MH}}=-g'' and the differentiation rule gives the Fourier transform; then (\!(\rho_{\mathrm{MH}},\rho_{\mathrm{MH}})\!)_\alpha=\int_{\mathbb R}|\omega|^{4-\alpha}e^{-\omega^2}\mathrm d\omega=\Gamma((5-\alpha)/2), convergent at zero exactly when \alpha<5.